Meanings
into Words: Grade XII
Unit
7 (Deductions and Explanations)
The
use of must/ can't/may/might
From Student's Book: page: 64
Follow-up structures:
How to change? (Look at the table)
Table
1
|
Sl.No. |
Given verbs |
Changed into |
|
1 |
Is/am/are |
be |
|
2 |
Was/were |
have been |
|
3 |
V1/v5 |
V1 |
|
4 |
V2 |
have+v3 |
|
5 |
Has/have+v3 |
have/v3 |
Table 2
Which
one to use? Must/can't or may/might? (look at the table)
|
Sl.No. |
Given words |
Changed into |
|
1 |
I'm sure, I'm convinced, obviously, definitely etc. |
must |
|
2 |
I'm sure, I'm convinced, obviously, definitely +not etc. |
Can't |
|
3 |
Perhaps, maybe, it's possible, possibly etc. |
May/might |
|
4 |
Perhaps, maybe, it's possible, possibly etc. +not |
Mayn't/mightn't |
NB: Remove the given words shown above from your
answers.
For
example:
|
Sl.No. |
Given sentences |
Answers |
|
1 |
I'm sure he is a Nepali |
He must be a Nepali. |
|
2 |
I'm sure I'm wrong |
I must be wrong. |
|
3 |
Perhaps they are going to ask me. |
They may/might be going to ask me |
|
4 |
Obviously he wasn't working. |
He can't have been working. |
|
5 |
Perhaps she told the truth. |
She may/might have told the truth. |
From Student's Book: page: 64
Question:
Change the sentences below using must, can't or might/may:
1. I'm sure he's working.→ He must be working.
2. Perhaps he's going to ask me. → He may/might be going to ask me.
3. I'm sure he's not French. → He can't be a French.
4. I'm sure they stole the money. →
They must have stolen
the money.
5. Perhaps he was listening. → He may/might have been
listening.
6. I'm sure she wasn't at work. → She can't have been at work.
7. Perhaps he went home. → He may/might have gone home.
8. Perhaps she's not coming. → she may/might not be coming.
9. I'm sure they weren't camping. →
They can't have been
camping.
10. Perhaps they haven't finished. →
They mayn't/mightn't
have finished.
11. Perhaps he was tired. → He may/might have been tired.
12. I'm sure she was feeling ill. → She must have been feeling ill.
13. I'm sure the snow's melted. → The snow must have melted.
14. I'm sure they haven't been
waiting long. → They
can't have been waiting long.
From
work book: Ex. No: 1, page: 33
Question:
Rewrite the sentences below using must, can't or might/may:
1. I'm sure they have arrived. → They must have arrived.
2. I'm sure she isn't having lunch. → She can't be having lunch.
3. Perhaps he didn't hear you. → He may/might not have heard you.
4. I'm sure it hasn't been snowing. → It can't have been snowing.
5. Perhaps he wasn't telling the truth. → He may/might not have told the
truth.
6. I'm sure you're exhausted. → You must be exhausted.
7. Maybe he was delayed. → He may/might have been delayed.
8. I'm convinced you haven't forgotten my name.
→ You can't have forgotten my name.
9. I'm sure I was dreaming. → I must have been dreaming.
10. I'm sure you're imagining things. → You must be imagining things.
11. It's possible that they're going away. → They may/might be going away.
12. I'm sure they weren't serious. → They can't have been serious.
13. Obviously he's been kidnapped. → He must have been kidnapped.
14. Perhaps
she's going to ring. → She may/might
be going to ring.
15. I'm sure they weren't informed. → They can't have been informed.
From
work book: Ex. No. 2, page: 34 (Conclusions from evidence)
NB:
Use must, can't, may or might in your answers.
Follow-up structures:
Sub+must/can't/may/might+v+obj.
Question: Draw three different conclusions from each of the
following pieces of evidences:
NB: Read
the situations and guess what might have happened using must can't or
may/might.
1. There are five bottles of milk on their front door step.
a) They must have forgotten to cancel
their milk deliveries before they went away.
b) They can't have woken up yet.
c) There must be some guests staying with
them.
2.
There are two large suitcases in her car.
a) She must have forgotten to take them
out of the car.
b) She may be going abroad.
c) She can't have been able to take them
out of her car.
3.
I saw the wheelers coming out of the American Embassy this morning.
a) Some special guests must have visited
there.
b) The ambassador and his family members
might have been going to his country.
c) There must have been a big party.
4.
His name isn't in the phone book.
a) They must have forgotten to write his
name.
b) His name might have been deleted.
c) His name can't have been very important
for them.
5.
Her coat's on the floor.
a) The hanger may have been lost.
b) She must have been angry and threw it.
c) She may have taken it out for washing.
From
work book: Ex. No. 3, page: 35 (Giving reasons for deductions)
Follow-up
structure: (general rules)
a)
If clause with v2 + result clause with would/could/might+v1
e.g.
→ if he was a soldier, he would
wear a uniform.
b)
If clause with had+v3 + result clause with would/could/might+have+v3
e.g.
→ If he had passed his exams, he would have studied at college.
N.B: In this exercise, each number of exercises consists of two sentences. First sentence
is the deduction and the second is its result/reason. Consider that must, can't, may,
might +have is past tense and must/can't/may/might +be is the present tense.
Then change the present tense into past and the past into past perfect. Change the
negative sentence into positive and the positive sentence into negative and then
join them using an if-clause before the deduction (first sentence in each case).
Follow the structures above.
How
to change?
Given
verbs changed into
Must/can't/may/might +be if+sub+
was/were
Must/can't/may/might+have
if+sub+
had+v3
Must/can't/may/might+v1 if+sub+v2/didn't+v1
Result
clause:
Is/am/are sub+would
be
Was/were SUB+would
have+v3
V1 would
be
V2 would
have +v3
Question:
Explain the following deductions using an
if…..sentence:
1.
He can't be a soldier—he's not wearing a uniform.
→ If
he was a soldier, he would be wearing a uniform.
2.
There can't be anyone at home—the car's gone.
→ If there was anyone at home, the car
wouldn't have gone.
3.
They must be having an argument—they have shut the door.
→ If they weren't having an argument, the
door would have been open.
4.
She can't have been enjoying herself—she left early.
→ If she had been enjoying herself, she wouldn't
have left early.
5.
He must have been here recently—the kettle's warm.
→ If she had not been here recently, the
kettle would be cold.
6.
He can't be working at the library—I haven't seen him there.
→ If he was working at the library, I would have seen him there.
7. She must know English—she was listening to the BBC.
→If she didn't know
English, she wouldn't have been listening to the BBC.
8.
They must have got lost—they're not here yet.
→If they had not got lost, they would be here now.
For further practice:
Mixed Conditionals:
There are present, past and future conditional verb forms in conditional sentences.
Sometimes unreal conditional sentences are mixed. This means that the time in the if-clause
is not the same as the time in the result-clause. Study the examples below to learn how to
mix conditional verb forms like a native speaker.
1. Both present:
a) They can't be
car lights, because they are different colours. (underlined verbs are
present)
→ If they were car
lights, they would be all white.
2. Both past:
a) He can't have
lived in Nepal, because he didn't understand Nepali. (underlined
verbs are past)
→ If he had lived in
Nepal, he would have understood Nepali.
3. Mixed: (present and
past)
a) I'm not currently
rich—I didn't buy a laptop yesterday. (not deduction)
→ If I was rich, I would
have bought a laptop yesterday.
b) He can't be a
doctor—because he didn't know what hepatitis was. (deduction)
→If he was a doctor, he would
have known what hepatitis was.
4. Mixed: (Past and
present)
a) He must have been
to America, because he has a US stamp in his passport. (deduction)
→ If he had not been to
America, he wouldn't have a US stamp in his passport.
b) I didn't get good education
in Nepal—I don't have many job opportunities.
→ If I had got good
education in Nepal, I would have more job opportunities.(not deduction)
The
End of Unit 7
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