Meanings Into Words: Grade XII
Unit 5 (Duration)
Follow
up structures:
1. Rule:
a) With
point of time for complete action we use 'by'.
b) With
period of time for complete action we use 'in'.
c) With
point of time for incomplete action we use 'until'.
d) With
period of time for incomplete action we use 'for'.
2. Remember that generally if the work done is seen
overtly we use in or by preposition.
But if the work done can't be seen or realize
at the moment until or for preposition is used.
3. In activities (incomplete actions) we use 'for' and 'until'
and in achievement we use 'by' and 'in' prepositions.
a) Formation
of question with 'How long': (for activities)
How
long+did+sub+v1+obj+ for? (How long did you play cards for?)
Or
How
long+did+sub+v1+v4+obj? (How long did you spend playing cards?)
b)
Formation of question with 'How long': (for achievements)
How
long +did+it+take+sub+to v1+obj (How long did it take you to walk home?)
Or
How
long+did+sub+v1+obj? (How long did you mow the lawn?)
NB:
The verb 'spend' is used for activities and 'take' is used for achievement.
From
student's book:Ex—5.1 practice: page-42:
Question: For each of the situations below ask a
question with 'How long' and answer it with for/until/in/by
using the words in brackets:
NB: Before writing
your answer, indentify the situations whether they are activities or
achievement. Most commonly we use ‘for’ for activity- question with ‘How Long’.
1.
They talked on the telephone. (20 minutes) (Activity)
→ How
long did they talk (on the telephone) for?
Or
How long did they spend talking on the
telephone?
→
They talked on the telephone for 20 minutes.
2.
She painted the bathroom ceiling? (six o'clock) (achievement)
→ How long
did she paint the bathroom ceiling? Or How long did it take her to paint the
bathroom ceiling?
→ She finished it by six o'clock.
3. We
played golf on Sunday. (dusk) (Activity)
→ How long did you play golf on Sunday for?
→ We played it until dusk.
4. He mowed the lawn. (ten minutes) (achievement)
→ How long did it take him to mow the lawn?
→ He mowed the lawn in ten minutes.
5. I
wrote all my letters. (lunchtime) (achievement)
→ How long did you write all your letters? Or How long
did it take you to write all your letters?
→ I wrote all my letters by lunchtime.
6. We had to change the wheel. (five minutes)
(achievement)
→ How long did it take you to change the wheel?
→ We changed it in five minutes.
7. He
watched television. (late movie came on) (Activity)
→ How long did he watch television for?/how long did he
spend watching television?
→ He watched television until late movie came on.
8. I
read the whole of War and Peace. (two weeks) (achievement)
→ How long
did you read the whole of War and Peace?/How long did it take you to read the
whole of War and Peace?
→ I
finished reading it in two weeks.
9.
She did some piano practice. (bedtime) (Activity)
→ How long
did she do some piano practice for? /How long did she spend doing some piano
practice?
→ She
did some piano practice until bedtime.
10.
She waited at the bus stop. (ages) (Activity)
→ How
long did she wait at the bus stop for? /How long did she spend waiting at the
bus stop?
→ She
waited at the bus stop for ages.
From
work book: Ex-2: page: 22 (Time Expression)
Question:
Fill the gaps in the sentences below with for,
in, until or by:
1.
She studied medicine……….. the age of 25. (by)
2.
They got the lunch ready……..12.30. (by)
3. He
learnt to swim……… six weeks. (in)
4.
They lived in Newcastle………….1973. (until)
5. My
father ran a bookshop……. two years. (for)
6. We
did all our housework ………a couple of hours.(in)
7. We
did some housework………a couple of hours. (for)
8. I
finished my homework……….suppertime.(by)
9. We
discussed politics……….three in the morning. (until)
10.
They reached the top of the mountain……..four hours. (in)
11. I
borrowed my neighbour's power-drill……….a few days. (for)
12.
He got all the letters typed…….four o'clock. (by)
13.
The concert was over…….. half-past nine. (by)
14.
He saved up £200 ………. Easter.
(by)
15. I
studied French ……. five years. (for)
16.
She became a qualified physiotherapist ………… twelve months. (in)
17. I
dug the garden ………. a couple of hours. (in)
18.
He stayed in bed ………… lunchtime. (until)
From
Student’s Book: Ex—5.3: page: 44 (Longer than you expected)
Follow
up structures:
a) sub+didn’t+v1+obj+for/till+time.
b) It
was+time+before+sub+v2+obj.
NB:
‘till’ is used before point of time and ‘for’ is used before period of time.
e.g—1.
I said he could borrow the book for a few days, but ……… (three weeks)
→ a) he
didn’t give it back for three weeks.
b) it
was three weeks before he gave it back to me.
2. He was invited to the party, but typically ……….. (after eight o’clock)
→ a) he didn’t arrive till after eight o’clock.
b) it was after eight o’clock before he
arrived.
Question:
Complete these sentences in the same way a) using didn’t….till/for b) using
was…… before.
1. I wrote to my mother by airmail, but in fact ……….(two
weeks)
→ a) she
didn’t get the letter for two weeks.
b) it
was two weeks before the letter reached her.
2. I intended
to have an early night, but as it happened ……….. (midnight)
→ a) I didn’t
get to bed till midnight.
b) it
was midnight before I got to sleep.
3. I said he
could borrow the record for a few days, but ……… (six weeks)
→ a) he
didn’t give it back for six weeks.
b) it
was six weeks before he gave it back to me.
4. It was
supposed to be a short meeting, but …….(three hours)
→a) it didn’t
finish for three hours.
b) it was
three hours before it finished.
5. She set us
some homework for Monday, but as I was away for the weekend……(Tuesday)
→ a) I didn’t
manage to submit it to her till Tuesday.
b) it was Tuesday before I could submit it.
6. He was
invited to dinner, but typically, ……… (after nine o’clock)
→ a) he
didn’t turn up till after nine o’clock.
b) it
was nine o’clock before he arrived.
7. The job
was supposed to take three weeks, but unfortunately…..( nearly two months)
→ a) they
didn’t finish it for nearly two months.
b) it
was nearly two months before they got it done.
From Work
book: Ex—1: page: 21-22 (How long…..?)
Ask these
people questions with ‘How long….?’. Write their answers using the words in
brackets:
1. Tim
telephoned his father this morning. (five minutes)
= you: How
long did you speak to him for?
Tim: I
spoke to him for about five minutes.
2. Jane wrote
an essay last night. (two hours)
= You: How
long did you write it for?
Jane: I wrote it for two hours.
3. Tony plays
golf. (four hours)
= You: How
long have you been playing golf for?
Tony: I have been playing golf for four
hours.
4. William
doesn’t play the guitar any more. (two years)
= You: How
long have you not been playing the guitar for?
William: I haven’t been playing the guitar
for two years.
5. Cindy is
going away on holiday tomorrow. (three weeks)
= You: How
long are you going away on holiday for?
Cindy: I’m going away on holiday for three
weeks.
6. Eleanor
regularly flies to America. (seven hours)
= You: How
long have you been flying to America for?
Eleanor: I’ve been flying to America for
seven hours)
7. Cyril
slept well last night. (ten hours)
= You: How
long did you sleep last night for?
Cyril: I slept for about ten hours.
8. Liza has a
cold. (three days)
= You: How
long have you had a cold for?
Liza: I have had it for three days.
9. Mandy is
going to drive to the coast this afternoon. (two hours)
=You: How
long are you going to drive to the coast for?
Mandy: I’m going to drive for two hours.
10. John
doesn’t live in England any more. (six months)
=You: How
long have you not been living in England for?
John: I’ve not been living there for six
months.
From Work
book: Ex—3: page: 22 (Getting delayed)
Question:
continue the following in two ways:
a) using
didn’t…for/till
b) using
was…… before
NB: Use the
structures shown above.
1. They were
sure they would find the oasis in a few hours. (six days)
a) but they
didn’t find it for six days.
b) but it was
six days before they found it.
2. I was sure
I’d finish the crosswords in a few minutes (more than half an hour)
a) but I
didn’t finish it for more than half an hour.
b) but it was
more than half an hour before I finished it.
3. His
parents expected him to marry young (48)
a) but he didn’t marry till 48.
b) but he was 48 before he married.
4. I meant to
mow the lawn during the weekend (mid-week)
a) but I didn’t mow it till mid-week.
b) bur it was mid-week before I mowed it.
5. She
thought she’d go back home before long (several years)
a) but she didn’t go back for several years.
b) but it was several years before she went
back there.
6. Everyone
expected the war to be over in a few days. (almost a year)
a) but it didn’t come to an end for almost a
year.
b) but it was almost a year before it was
over.
From
Work book: Ex—4: page: 23 (It Depends)
Follow up
Structures:
a) It depends
on +Noun (given Noun or noun phrase)
b) It depends
(on) + indirection question (yes/no or 'wh' questions)
Note: Before
indirect questions the preposition 'on' is optional. The question itself
becomes a statement and a full stop (.) is given.
Question:
Write three sentences with It depends for each of the questions below. Use the
ideas given.
1. How long
does it take you to read a novel?
a) The number of pages ?
b) How much time do you have ?
c) Is it enjoyable to read ?
Ans: a) It depends on the number of pages.
b) It depends on how much time you have.
c) It depends on whether it is enjoyable to
read or not.
2. What time
do you get up in the morning?
a) How do you feel?
b) Is it a weekday or weekend?
c) What time did you go to bed the night
before?
Ans: a) It depends on how you feel.
b) It depends on whether it is a
weekday or weekend?
c) It depends on what time you went
to bed the night before.
3. How long
does it take you to cook meal?
a) The recipe?
b) Have you ever cooked it before?
c) How many people is it for?
Ans: a) It depends on the recipe.
b) It depends on whether you have
ever cooked it before.
c) It depends on how many people it
is for.
4. Do you
walk to work?
a) Is it raining or not?
b) The time of year?
c) How much time do you have?
Ans: a) It depends on whether it is raining or
not.
b) It depends on the time of year.
c) It depends on how much time you
have.
5. Do you
have to look for the theatre in advance?
a) How long has the play been on?
b) Is the play popular?
c) The night of the week?
Ans: a) It depends on how long the play has been
on.
b) It depends on whether the play is
popular.
c) It depends on the night of the
week.
From question
Bank: (2073)
For each of
the following situations:
i. ask a
question using ‘How long…?’
ii. answer it
using in/by/until/for and the words in bracket:
a. The
students talked on the telephone. (40 minutes)
= i. How long
did they talk on the telephone for?
ii. They talked on the telephone for 40
minutes.
b. She
painted the classroom ceiling. (6 o’clock)
= i. How long
did it take her to paint the classroom ceiling?
ii. She painted the classroom ceiling by 6
o’clock.
c. The golfer
played golf on Sunday. (dusk)
= i. How long
did the golfer play golf on Sunday for?
ii. The golfer played golf on Sunday until
dusk.
d. The
gardener mowed the lawn. (ten minutes)
= i. How long
did it take the gardener to mow the lawn?
ii. He mowed the lawn in ten minutes.
e. The typist
typed all her letters. (lunch time)
= i. How long
did it take the typist to type all her letters?
ii. She typed all her letters by lunch time.
The End of unit 5
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